Differences between nations are taken into account by repaired outcomes ?

The new sibling fixed effects identify 65% of one’s variation into the knowledge in this sample

_gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups — provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).

Inside our try you can find 676 siblings, off who 302 had been ple (while they are from a family where at least one girl is partnered very early) have dads which have notably lower educational attainment, will end up being Muslim, and are usually more likely kissbrides.com you could try here to are now living in rural section

If we speak about new extent that province and you can community repaired outcomes get variations in public and you can monetary downside of the examining their capability to define type in the informative attainment, we discover that town repaired outcomes explain more 31% regarding the variation, a little more as compared to step three% told me because of the state fixed outcomes. Almost all of the type was not contained in this villages.

We earliest introduce estimations you to control getting province*time-wave FE and town*time-wave FE. I next go a step then of the to provide performance in which we guess sis fixed consequences habits the spot where the coefficients try estimated away from evaluations regarding siblings, certainly one of whom had hitched very early and almost every other whom did not. That it analysis control for everybody family relations characteristics, both observable and unobservable, educated of the siblings elizabeth.grams., friends background. That it however cuts down on the decide to try. Such results are therefore best-read to be relevant so you can domiciles out of far more traditional minimizing socio-economic property. Footnote ten

Finally, ?_ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11

where ChY_ihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (X_ihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHCh_hv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Ch_ihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.